Al-Razi

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, known in the Latin West as Rhazes, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist of the Islamic Golden Age who served as chief physician of hospitals in Baghdad and in his native Ray. He was among the first physicians to clinically distinguish smallpox from measles, wrote the first known monograph on pediatrics, and pioneered work in obstetrics and ophthalmology. His comprehensive medical compendium al-Hawi drew on both Greek and his own clinical experience and, once translated into Latin, became a standard reference in European medical education for centuries.