Emil von Behring was a German physiologist and physician who, working alongside Kitasato Shibasaburo at Robert Koch's Imperial Health Office in 1890, developed serum therapy, immunizing animals against diphtheria and tetanus toxins and then using their antibody-rich serum to treat afflicted patients. By 1894, refined production methods made human trials of diphtheria antitoxin dramatically successful against a disease that had been a leading cause of childhood death, and Behring went on to found a pharmaceutical company to manufacture the treatment at scale. In 1901 he received the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ever awarded, specifically for his work on serum therapy and its application against diphtheria.
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